As we know, all scripture is given by the inspiration of the Holy Spirit, the divine agent who led the authors of our biblical texts to write God-breathed words (2 Peter 1:21, 2 Tim 3:16-17). When New Testament writers describe the work of the Holy Spirit, we are given many accounts of the apostles and their associates proclaiming and teaching Jesus Christ in the Spirit, or in more familiar language by the power of the Spirit.[1] It is preaching Christ crucified and risen for you. In the language of Gerhard O. Forde – proclamation of the gospel is doing the Holy Spirit to hearers,[2] whereby the living voice of the gospel, as conveyed through the Word of God (Scripture) and Sacraments (Confession/Absolution, Baptism, Lord’s Supper), becomes the means by which the Holy Spirt implants faith and develops us as disciples in and for Christ (the process we call sanctification). Christ’s death atoned for humankind’s sin, and His resurrection conquered the power of Satan and death over us, making us heirs to eternal life. In our doctrine we refer to this main essential teaching of the Lutheran Faith as our “material principle,”[3] namely that we are justified in the sight of God and placed in a right relationship with God by grace through faith in Christ alone for the forgiveness of our sins – and where there is forgiveness of sins, there is a new life in Christ and eternal salvation. One of the common misconceptions about the Holy Spirit is that we can think of Him or treat Him as a free agent, independently of the Son and the Father. It is of course possible to think and speak about the Holy Spirit per se and even make room for a doctrinal place for the one who has been called at times the forgotten or half-known person of the Trinity. More fundamentally, the Spirit is the one in and by whom the church proclaims and teaches the Son as our righteousness before the Father. [4] The Spirit is the one in whom the church lives and worships the Father through the intercession of the Son. In simpler language, scriptural exegete Edward Schweizer once said: “Long before the Spirit was a theme of doctrine, He was a fact in the experience of the community.”[5] The point is the same. If the church can talk at all about the Holy Spirit, it is only because this Spirit has had His way with the church in the first place, only because the church already proclaims, teaches, lives, and worships in the Spirit of the Father and the Son. The Holy Spirit has His unique way of doing business, of having His way with us and bringing us into His holy presence and activity. For some Christians, the Holy Spirit is not always top of mind, and we may make Him what J. I. Packer once called the Cinderella of Christian theology who was left behind and never made it to the ball with the other two persons. Having said that, we must also recognize that the Spirit Himself typically chooses to become self-effacing in comparison to, and in His relationship with, the Son and the Father and us. In other words, the Holy Spirit assumes a sort of modest, behind-the-scenes identity, in that He does not ordinarily draw great attention to Himself but prefers pointing people to another one for life and salvation, namely, tile Son of God. Similarly, when it comes to holiness, sanctification, vocation, or the Christian life, the Holy Spirit does not point us to ourselves, does not draw great attention to His presence in us, but rather points us to our neighbor, whom God has placed in our midst.[6] Avoiding “Spirit Only” and “Spirit Void” Heresies A trinitarian approach to the person and work of the Holy Spirit that respects the centrality of Jesus Christ in the history of salvation, and the self-effacement of the Spirit in leading us to the Son and through Him to the Father as well as to the neighbor, will avoid the dangers of “Spirit only” and Spirit void” spiritualities that often lead respectively to what can be referred to as emotionalism and rationalism, or an extreme focus on the work and gifts of the Holy Spirit that we see in some charismatic church movements. It is not a problem within the Lutheran Church Missouri Synod but something we should be aware of. Take Christ and the Father away from the Holy Spirit and you end up with humanly designed forms of spirituality that are neither law nor gospel. A move toward ‘a “Spirit only” theology will most certainly yield forms of spirituality that are neither commanded by God the Father nor centered in Christ’s gospel and sacraments. Luther and the Lutheran confessors in the Book of Concord are critical of what they called “enthusiasm,” which is seeking God’s Spirit or having a spiritual life apart from or without reference to God’s own Word – this can be called God-within-ism. "Enthusiasm" (from the Greek enthousiasmos) refers to the theological error of expecting the Holy Spirit's guidance, personal revelation, or conversion directly from God without the use of the external, written Word and Sacraments. The Formula of Concord explicitly defines enthusiasts as "those who expect the heavenly illumination of the Spirit... without the preaching of God’s Word". In the Smalcald Articles, Martin Luther warns against those who boast that they have the Spirit without and before the Word". These individuals judge, alter, or ignore Scripture based on their own "spirit" or personal feelings. The Book of Concord maintains that God works exclusively through and with the outward Word (the preached Gospel and the Sacraments), rejecting the idea that God grants grace through inward, private feelings or mystical experiences alone.[7] The Apostle Paul dealt with this inward focused “enthusiasm” in his church in Corinth, Greece when he expressed concern regarding the abuse of the Holy Spirit’s spiritual gifts to them. The Corinthians were using them for selfish display, personal status, and chaotic worship rather than building up the church community. Instead of banning the gifts altogether, Paul dedicated three full chapters—1 Corinthians 12, 13, and 14—to correcting these abuses by establishing that all spiritual expressions must be grounded in love, order, and mutual edification. The city of Corinth was a heavily pluralistic and pagan environment. Many believers also brought their old cultural habits into the newly formed Christian church. Pagan Syncretism: Prior to converting, many Corinthians participated in mystery cults where religious ecstasy, frantic spiritual frenzies, and uncontrolled, ecstatic speech were seen as signs of divine possession. The Hallmark of Godliness: Believers began treating the gift of speaking in tongues as the ultimate status symbol of supreme spirituality. Chaotic Worship: Church gatherings descended into a competitive, rowdy atmosphere where multiple people shouted out uninterpreted tongues simultaneously to show off, rendering the service unintelligible to regular attendees and visitors. To avoid the “Spirit only” move, the Holy Spirit and the Son must be seen as inseparable companions. working together in a joint mission to bring sinners into communion with God the Father and then also into conformity with the Father’s will. Saint Basil the Great (330–379 AD), Bishop of Caesarea, was a towering Church Father and theologian of the early Christian era. He is celebrated for his work in the language of the third article of the Nicene Creed and formulating orthodox Trinitarian doctrine. Basil argued that the Holy Spirit is not just at work only after Christ’s death and resurrection but already in and through Christ’s own life and mission. It is because the Holy Spirit is united inseparably to Christ in His incarnation that Christ also could be said to be united inseparably to the Spirit after His death and resurrection. Referring to God’s gracious plans to save humankind in Jesus Christ, Basil asks rhetorically, Who will deny that it was all made possible through the grace of the Spirit? Everything that happened since the Lord’s Corning in the flesh, it all comes to pass through the Spirit. In the first place, the Lord was anointed with the Holy Spirit at His baptism, who would henceforth he inseparably united to His very flesh (here Basil cites parts of texts on the baptism. namely, Jn 1:33, Mt 3:17. and Acts 10:38). After His baptism. the Holy Spirit was present in every action that Christ performed. He was there when the Lord was tempted by the devil (citing Mt 12:28). The Spirit was united with Jesus when He performed miracles (citing Mt 12:28). Nor did the Spirit leave’ Him after His resurrection from the dead (citing Jn 20:22-23). For Basil, there is a joint mission of the Son and Spirit in the Father’s plan of salvation. The Joint Mission of the Son and the Spirit John 1:33-34 conveys from the vantage point of the New Testament prophet John the Baptist hat the privileged place of the Holy Spirit is Jesus - Christ bears the Spirit (Spirit Christology) and gives the Spirit to the Church in a life of faith – (Christological Pneumatology). Let me unpack this below without a further direct reference to the theological terminology. Basil makes a profound statement when he speaks of the Spirit as being “inseparably united to the Lord in His very flesh.” [8] From the very first moment of the Son human life, the Holy Spirit appears in the story of salvation. The Gospels attribute the conception and holiness of the Virgin’s child to the Holy Spirit (Mt 1:18-20; Lk 1:35). At the Jordan Jesus is anointed with the Spirit as the Suffering Servant that the prophet Isaiah spoke of (Is.42,49,50,52-53), the rejected one who takes upon Himself our sins. As the Servant, Jesus gives His life as a ransom for many (Mk 10:45). Jesus describes His suffering unto death as a baptism (Mark 10:38—39: Lk 12:50). His baptism in water at the Jordan leads to His baptism in blood at Golgotha. Through the eternal Spirit Jesus offers His sinless life to the Father on the cross to cleanse us from our sins and render us fit to worship God (Heb 9:14). But the Suffering Servant is also highly exalted. The Father establishes Jesus as Son of God in power according to the Spirit of holiness by raising Him from the dead (Rom 1:4)-. In the Spirit, the Son dies and is raised to new life. There is of course a distinct difference between Christ and the Spirit-led prophets. The Old Testament prophets and John the Baptist of the New Testament pointed to the Christ who was to come (1 Pt 1:10—11), but the words of Christ point to Himself. As St. John puts it, the incarnate Son speaks Spirit-breathed words that lead to faith and eternal life in Him because God the Father has given Him the Spirit without measure (Jn 3:34; 6:40, 63-69). One can see an unbreakable link in the Scriptures between Christ’s bearing and giving of the Spirit. The Gospel writers are of one accord in teaching that the Son on whom the Spirit descends and remains is the One who baptizes with the Spirit (Jn 1:3 3; Lk 3:16; Mt 3:11; Mk 1:8). Indeed, the incarnate Son bears the Holy Spirit for Himself from conception. But that indwelling of the Holy Spirit from conception is unique to Christ. From the days of Adam, we are born in sin and without the Holy Spirit. How then are we to receive the Spirit whom Christ bears? Our conversion occurs through hearing the proclamation of the gospel and in Baptism and the additional means of grace in confession/absolution and Holy Communion reinforce our forgiveness of sins in Christ. After Christ’s coming in the flesh, His anointing unto death becomes a condition in the Father’s plan of salvation for the universal giving’ of the Spirit on Pentecost. In other words, Jesus is anointed with the Spirit in His baptism so that we too might receive upon completion of His redemptive mission, His Spirit or anointing in our baptism. For Luke, from Pentecost onwards every baptism in the name of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit becomes a “little Pentecost,” a means of grace through which the exalted Jesus forgives our sins and sends the gift of the Spirit from the Father to dwell in us (Acts 2:3,8-39). This leads to us bearing the fruit of the Spirit in our interactions with our neighbor. I believe in the Holy Spirit, the holy Christian church, the communion of saints, the forgiveness of sins, the resurrection of the body, and the life everlasting. Amen.[9] What does this mean? I believe that I cannot by my own reason or strength believe in Jesus Christ, my Lord, or come to Him; but the Holy Spirit has called me by the Gospel, enlightened me with His gifts, sanctified and kept me in the true faith. In the same way He calls, gathers, enlightens, and sanctifies the whole Christian church on earth, and keeps it with Jesus Christ in the one true faith. In this Christian church He daily and richly forgives all my sins and the sins of all believers. On the Last Day He will raise me and all the dead and give eternal life to me and all believers in Christ. This is most certainly true. This Pentecost season, we pray Come Holy Spirit and manifest your power, fill us with your gifts and fruit, and guide us to be more like Christ day by day. [1] Leopoldo A. Sanchez M., Pneumatology: Key to Understanding the Trinity, Congress on the Lutheran Confessions, 2009. [2] Gerhard 0. Forde, Theology is for Proclamation (Minneapolis: Fortress, 1990). [3] Stephen P. Mueller, Called to Believe, Teach, and Confess – An Introduction to Doctrinal Theology, Vol 3 (Wipf & Stock Publishers, Eugene, Oregon, 2005). [4] Leopoldo A. Sanchez M., Pneumatology: Key to Understanding the Trinity, Congress on the Lutheran Confessions, 2009. [5] See Eduard Schweizer’s discussion of Greek πνεῦμα (pneúma), which can mean “spirit,” and πνευματικός (pneumatikós) meaning “pertaining to the spirit” in Gerhard Kittel and G. Friedrich, eds, Theological Dictionary of the New Testament, vol 6 (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans. 1964), 396. [6] Leopoldo A. Sanchez M., Pneumatology: Key to Understanding the Trinity, Congress on the Lutheran Confessions, 2009. [7] Robert Kolb, Timothy J. Wengert, and Charles P. Arand, The Book of Concord: The Confessions of the Evangelical Lutheran Church (Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press, 2000). [8] ’ St. Basil the Great. On the Holy Spirit (Crestwood. NY: St. Vladimir’s Seminary Press, 1QQ7’. 65 (1 6.3). Emphasis added. [9] Luther, Luther’s Small Catechism with Explanation (St. Louis, MO: Concordia Publishing House, 2017), 222.